Endnotes for The Singularity Principles

This page contains clickable versions of all the endnotes in The Singularity Principles.

1. London Futurists: “Previous meetings” https://londonfuturists.com/previous-meetings/
2. “History of London Futurists” https://londonfuturists.com/2016/07/10/about-london-futurists/
3. David W. Wood: Vital Foresight: The Case For Active Transhumanism https://transpolitica.org/projects/vital-foresight/
4. Meetup: “London Futurists” https://www.meetup.com/London-Futurists/
5. “Books authored or edited by David Wood” https://deltawisdom.com/books/
6. “Eclectic thoughts on technologies, markets, innovation, openness, collaboration, disruption, risks, and solutions” https://dw2blog.com/
7. Delta Wisdom: “Radical real-world futurism” https://deltawisdom.com/
8. Wikipedia: “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There%27s_Plenty_of_Room_at_the_Bottom
9. dw2blog: “A wiser journey to a better Tomorrowland” https://dw2blog.com/2015/09/15/a-wiser-journey-to-a-better-tomorrowland/
10. Dan Milmo, The Guardian: “Rohingya sue Facebook for £150bn over Myanmar genocide” https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/dec/06/rohingya-sue-facebook-myanmar-genocide-us-uk-legal-action-social-media-violence
11. Wikiquote: “Upton Sinclair” https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Upton_Sinclair
12. Science Museum: “Thalidomide” https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/thalidomide
13. React: “The global threat of antibiotic resistance” https://www.reactgroup.org/antibiotic-resistance/the-threat/
14. Environmental Protection Agency: “DDT – A Brief History and Status” https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/ddt-brief-history-and-status
15. Tim Harford, BBC News: “Why did we use leaded petrol for so long?” https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-40593353
16. “Asbestos Cover-Up” https://www.asbestos.com/featured-stories/cover-up/
17. UK Research and Innovation: “The story behind the discovery of the ozone hole” https://www.ukri.org/news-and-events/responding-to-climate-change/topical-stories/the-story-behind-the-discovery-of-the-ozone-hole/
18. Olivia Smith, New Security Beat: “Big Dams, Big Damage: The Growing Risk of Failure” https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2018/08/big-dams-big-damage-growing-risk-failure/
19. World Nuclear Association: “Chernobyl Accident 1986” https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/chernobyl-accident.aspx
20. Jay Elwes, Prospect: “Financial weapons of mass destruction: Brexit and the looming derivatives threat” https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/economics-and-finance/financial-weapons-of-mass-destruction-brexit-and-the-looming-derivatives-threat
21. The Vital Syllabus: “Transhumanism” https://londonfuturists.com/education/transhumanism/
22. Anders Sandberg, Aleph: “Definitions of Transhumanism” https://web.archive.org/web/19970712091927/http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Intro/definitions.html
23. Michael Eisen: “Amazon’s $23,698,655.93 book about flies” https://www.michaeleisen.org/blog/?p=358
24. AutoML: “What is AutoML?” https://www.automl.org/automl/
25. AutoML: “Team” https://www.automl.org/team/
26. Tom Simonite, Wired: “Google’s Learning Software Learns to Write Learning Software” https://www.wired.com/story/googles-learning-software-learns-to-write-learning-software/
27. Will Owen, Venture Beat: “AI tech drives transformation of F1 racing” https://venturebeat.com/2021/11/14/ai-tech-drives-transformation-of-f1-racing/
28. Pallav Aggarwal: “Automated PCB design using Artificial Intelligence (AI)” https://pallavaggarwal.in/automated-pcb-design-using-ai/
29. Jonah Comstock, Pharma Phorum: “Insilico’s AI-discovered, AI-designed IPF drug enters Phase 1 trials” https://pharmaphorum.com/news/insilicos-ai-discovered-ai-designed-ipf-drug-enters-phase-1-trials/
30. European Defence Agency: “Stronger communication & radar systems with help of AI” https://eda.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2020/08/31/stronger-communication-radar-systems-with-help-of-ai
31. Richard W. Byrne and Nadia Corp, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: “Neocortex size predicts deception rate in primates” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691785/
32. Stuart Russell: Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44767248-human-compatible
33. IMDb: “Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb” https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057012/
34. Corporate Finance Institute: “Flash Crashes” https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/flash-crashes/
35. Nicole Perlroth: This Is How They Tell Me the World Ends: The Cyberweapons Arms Race https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/49247043-this-is-how-they-tell-me-the-world-ends
36. Wikipedia: “Tay (bot)” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay_(bot)
37. Leo Gao, Twitter: https://twitter.com/nabla_theta/status/1502783399622111234
38. Rob Bensinger, Twitter: https://twitter.com/robbensinger/status/1503220020175769602
39. Wikipedia: “Halting problem” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problem
40. Stephen M. Omohundro: “The Basic AI Drives” https://selfawaresystems.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/ai_drives_final.pdf
41. Bruce Schneier: “Snooping on Text by Listening to the Keyboard” https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2005/09/snooping_on_tex.html
42. Wikipedia: “Three Laws of Robotics” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics
43. Wikipedia: “Trolley problem” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolley_problem
44. Social Progress Imperative: “Index Action Impact” https://www.socialprogress.org/
45. Wikipedia: “Goodhart’s law” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodhart%27s_law
46. Wikipedia: “Campbell’s law” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%27s_law
47. Science Direct: “Gaia Hypothesis” https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/gaia-hypothesis
48. Nick Bostrom: “Are You Living In a Computer Simulation?” https://www.simulation-argument.com/
49. Ray Kurzweil: “The Law of Accelerating Returns” https://www.kurzweilai.net/the-law-of-accelerating-returns
50. Stanislaw Ulam, American Mathematics Society: “John von Neumann, 1903-1957” https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1958-64-03/S0002-9904-1958-10189-5/S0002-9904-1958-10189-5.pdf
51. Tim Harford, Forbes: “A Beautiful Theory” https://www.forbes.com/2006/12/10/business-game-theory-tech-cx_th_games06_1212harford.html
52. William Poundstone: Prisoner’s Dilemma: John von Neumann, Game Theory, and the Puzzle of the Bomb https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29506.Prisoner_s_Dilemma
53. Wikipedia: “Schrödinger’s cat” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat
54. Greg Hammett: “James Clerk Maxwell, essay on Determinism and Free Will (1873)” https://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett/Maxwell/freewill.html
55. Wikipedia: “Maxwell’s equations” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations
56. Singularity Group: “Our mission” https://www.su.org/about
57. Ray Kurzweil, Penguin Books: “An Excerpt From The Singularity Is Near” https://web.archive.org/web/20180923051145/https://www.penguin.com/ajax/books/excerpt/9780143037880
58. Alan Turing: “‘Intelligent machinery, a heretical theory’, a lecture given to ’51 Society’ at Manchester” https://turingarchive.kings.cam.ac.uk/publications-lectures-and-talks-amtb/amt-b-4
59. Wikipedia: “Vernor Vinge” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernor_Vinge
60. Nikola Danaylov, Singularity Weblog: “When Vernor Vinge Coined the Technological Singularity” https://www.singularityweblog.com/when-vernor-vinge-coined-the-technological-singularity/
61. Vernor Vinge” “The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era” https://edoras.sdsu.edu/~vinge/misc/singularity.html
62. David Brin: “Singularities and Nightmares: Extremes of Optimism and Pessimism About the Human Future” http://www.davidbrin.com/nonfiction/singularity.html
63. Wikipedia: “David Brin” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brin
64. LinkedIn: “David Wood: Futurist, catalyst, author, singularitarian” https://www.linkedin.com/in/dw2cco/
65. OpenAI: “Jukebox” https://openai.com/blog/jukebox/
66. OpenAI: “DALL·E 2” https://openai.com/dall-e-2/
67. Carlos E. Perez, Medium: “AlphaZero: How Intuition Demolished Logic” https://medium.com/intuitionmachine/alphazero-how-intuition-demolished-logic-66a4841e6810
68. Ferris Jabr, Scientific American: “Does Thinking Really Hard Burn More Calories?” https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/thinking-hard-calories/
69. Intel: “Neuromorphic Computing: Beyond Today’s AI” https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/research/neuromorphic-computing.html
70. Hello Future (Orange): “Towards a less data and energy intensive AI” https://hellofuture.orange.com/en/towards-a-less-data-and-energy-intensive-ai/
71. Wikipedia: “William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin
72. Zapatopi: “Interview: Utter Impracticability of Aeronautics & Favorable Opinion on Wireless” http://zapatopi.net/kelvin/papers/interview_aeronautics_and_wireless.html
73. Tony Czarnecki, Sustensis: “Immature Superintelligence” https://sustensis.co.uk/malevolent-immature-superintelligence/
74. Wikipedia: “Great Disappointment” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Disappointment
75. Jo Walton, Tor: “Murder in deep time: Vernor Vinge’s Marooned in Realtime” https://www.tor.com/2009/08/07/vernor-vinges-marooned-in-realtime/
76. Graeme MacKay, MacKay Cartoons: “Be sure to wash your hands and all will be well” https://i0.wp.com/mackaycartoons.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2020-0311-NATrevised2sm.jpg
77. Graeme MacKay, MacKay Cartoons: “Wednesday March 11, 2020” https://mackaycartoons.net/2020/03/18/wednesday-march-11-2020/
78. Alexander Kruel, Twitter https://twitter.com/XiXiDu/status/1261607019720646657
79. Wikipedia: “The Denial of Death” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Denial_of_Death
80. Vital Syllabus: “Top Level Areas” https://londonfuturists.com/education/vital-syllabus/
81. Rob Toews, Forbes: “Synthetic Data Is About To Transform Artificial Intelligence” https://www.forbes.com/sites/robtoews/2022/06/12/synthetic-data-is-about-to-transform-artificial-intelligence/
82. Hal Hodson, New Scientist: “Google’s DeepMind AI can lip-read TV shows better than a pro” https://www.newscientist.com/article/2113299-googles-deepmind-ai-can-lip-read-tv-shows-better-than-a-pro/
83. Stanislas Dehaene: How We Learn: Why Brains Learn Better Than Any Machine… for Now https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/46064083-how-we-learn
84. Alex Eben Meyer, The New York Times: “Meet GPT-3. It Has Learned to Code (and Blog and Argue).” https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/24/science/artificial-intelligence-ai-gpt3.html
85. nullc, YCombinator Hacker News: “It seems that GPT-3 has its own sense of humor, more of an anti-humor in fact. It is better in bulk.” https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24007784
86. Jason Brownlee, Machine Learning Mastery: “18 Impressive Applications of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)” https://machinelearningmastery.com/impressive-applications-of-generative-adversarial-networks/
87. Insilico Medicine, “Combining GANs and reinforcement learning for drug discovery” https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-05/imi-cga050918.php
88. Wikipedia: “Genetic algorithm” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_algorithm
89. Sam Shead, Business Insider: “The incredible life of DeepMind founder Demis Hassabis, the computer whiz who sold his AI lab to Google for £400 million” https://www.businessinsider.com/the-incredible-life-of-deepmind-cofounder-demis-hassabis-2017-5
90. Demis Hassabis, Dharshan Kumaran, Christopher Summerfield, and Matt Botvinick, DeepMind: “Neuroscience-Inspired Artificial Intelligence” https://www.deepmind.com/publications/neuroscience-inspired-artificial-intelligence
91. Jeff Hawkins: A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/54503521-a-thousand-brains
92. Liqun Luo, Nautilus: “Why Is the Human Brain So Efficient?” http://nautil.us/issue/59/connections/why-is-the-human-brain-so-efficient
93. Intel: “Neuromorphic Computing: Beyond Today’s AI” https://www.intel.co.uk/content/www/uk/en/research/neuromorphic-computing.html
94. Will Knight, MIT Technology Review: “Quantum computing should supercharge this machine-learning technique” https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/03/13/136628/quantum-computing-should-supercharge-this-machine-learning-technique/
95. BBVA: “How may quantum computing affect Artificial Intelligence?” https://www.bbva.com/en/how-may-quantum-computing-affect-artificial-intelligence/
96. Affectiva: “Humanizing technology to bridge the gap between humans and machines” https://www.affectiva.com/
97. Mark Solms: The Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Source of Consciousness https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/53642061-the-hidden-spring
98. Susan Schneider: Artificial You: AI and the Future of Your Mind https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44526011-artificial-you
99. Anil Seth: Being You: A New Science of Consciousness https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/53036979-being-you
100. David J. Chalmers: Reality+: Virtual Worlds and the Problems of Philosophy https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/58085215-reality
101. Judea Pearl and Dana Mackenzie: The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36204378-the-book-of-why
102. Jesus Rodriguez, Medium: “A Gentle Introduction to Probabilistic Programming Languages” https://medium.com/swlh/a-gentle-introduction-to-probabilistic-programming-languages-bf1e19042ab6
103. Stuart Russell, CogX2021: “Cutting Edge: The next wave: Probabilistic programming” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYFbPQiLlxk
104. “About SingularityNET” https://singularitynet.io/aboutus/
105. Steven Levy, Wired: “Mark Zuckerberg on Facebook’s Future, From Virtual Reality to Anonymity” https://www.wired.com/2014/04/zuckerberg-f8-interview/
106. Stuart Russell: Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44767248-human-compatible
107. Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan, Big Think: “What AI cannot do” https://bigthink.com/the-future/what-ai-cannot-do/
108. Adam Satariano and Cade Metz, New York Times: “A Warehouse Robot Learns to Sort Out the Tricky Stuff” https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/29/technology/warehouse-robot.html
109. Wikipedia: “Christopher Columbus” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus
110. Wikipedia: “Bartolomeu Dias” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias
111. Irving John Good: “Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine” http://web.archive.org/web/20010527181244/http://www.aeiveos.com/~bradbury/Authors/Computing/Good-IJ/SCtFUM.html
112. I. J.Good, “Speculations on Perceptrons and other Automata” https://dominoweb.draco.res.ibm.com/reports/rc115.pdf
113. Wikipedia: “68–95–99.7 rule” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68%E2%80%9395%E2%80%9399.7_rule
114. Peter Thal Larsen, Financial Times: “Goldman pays the price of being big” https://www.ft.com/content/d2121cb6-49cb-11dc-9ffe-0000779fd2ac
115. John B. Taylor and John C. Williams, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco: “A Black Swan in the Money Market” https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/files/wp08-04bk.pdf
116. Dawn Connelly, The Pharmaceutical Journal: “A history of aspirin” https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/infographics/a-history-of-aspirin
117. Wikipedia: “Category: Drugs with unknown mechanisms of action” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Drugs_with_unknown_mechanisms_of_action
118. Matt Turek, Darpa: “Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)” https://www.darpa.mil/program/explainable-artificial-intelligence
119. Arvind Narayanan: “Tutorial: 21 fairness definitions and their policies” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIXIuYdnyyk
120. Javier Zarracina, Vox: “The case against equality of opportunity” https://www.vox.com/2015/9/21/9334215/equality-of-opportunity
121. Peter Strozniak, Industry Week: “Toyota Alters Face Of Production” https://www.industryweek.com/operations/continuous-improvement/article/21947002/toyota-alters-face-of-production
122. JBS Haldane: “Daedalus, or, Science and the Future” https://www.marxists.org/archive/haldane/works/1920s/daedalus.htm
123. David W. Wood: Sustainable Superabundance: A Universal Transhumanist Invitation https://transpolitica.org/projects/abundance-manifesto/
124. Daniel Susskind: A World Without Work: Technology, Automation, and How We Should Respond https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/51300408-a-world-without-work
125. The United Nations: “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
126. Wikipedia: “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights
127. David W. Wood: Sustainable Superabundance: A Universal Transhumanist Invitation https://transpolitica.org/projects/abundance-manifesto/
128. David W. Wood: “Introduction to Landmines” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zsUedvrVnY
129. UK Office for National Statistics: “Well-being” https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/
130. pjammer: “Accelerating Change 2005” https://web.archive.org/web/20060327005000/http://pjammer.livejournal.com/151502.html
131. Nick Bostrom: “The Vulnerable World Hypothesis” https://nickbostrom.com/papers/vulnerable.pdf
132. Mothers Against Drunk Driving: “No More Victims” https://www.madd.org/
133. Investigatory Powers Commissioner’s Office https://www.ipco.org.uk/
134. The Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament https://isc.independent.gov.uk/
135. Bruce Schneier, New York Intelligencer: “Click Here to Kill Everyone” https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/01/the-internet-of-things-dangerous-future-bruce-schneier.html
136. David W. Wood: “Transcending Politics Preview” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lJYyEdiwOM
137. Thomas W. Malone: Superminds: The Surprising Power of People and Computers Thinking Together https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36204268-superminds
138. David W. Wood: Transcending Politics: A Technoprogressive Roadmap to a Comprehensively Better Future https://transpolitica.org/projects/transcending-politics/
139. Vital Syllabus: “Top Level Areas” https://londonfuturists.com/education/vital-syllabus/
140. Vital Syllabus: “FAQ” https://londonfuturists.com/education/vital-syllabus/faq/
141. Clemency Burton-Hill, The Guardian: “The superhero of artificial intelligence: can this genius keep it in check?” https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/16/demis-hassabis-artificial-intelligence-deepmind-alphago
142. David Silver, Satinder Singh, Doina Precup, and Richard S. Sutton, Artificial Intelligence: “Reward is enough” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370221000862
143. Scott Alexander, Astral Codex Ten: “My Bet: AI Size Solves Flubs” https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/my-bet-ai-size-solves-flubs
144. Herbert A. Simon and Allen Newell, Operations Research: “Heuristic Problem Solving: The Next Advance in Operations Research” https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/opre.6.1.1
145. A.M. Turing Award: “Allen Newell, United States – 1975” https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/newell_3167755.cfm
146. The Nobel Prize: “Press release: Studies of Decision-Making lead to Prize in Economics” https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1978/press-release/
147. Alan Levinovitz, Wired: “The Mystery of Go, the Ancient Game That Computers Still Can’t Win” https://www.wired.com/2014/05/the-world-of-computer-go/
148. Cade Metz, Wired: “What the AI behind AlphaGo can teach us about being human” https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/
149. Metaculus: “Welcome!” https://www.metaculus.com/
150. Anthony Aguirre, Future of Life Institute: “Predicting the Future (of Life)” https://futureoflife.org/2016/01/24/predicting-the-future-of-life/
151. IARPA: “ACE: Aggregative Contingent Estimation” http://www.iarpa.gov/index.php/research-programs/ace
152. Good Judgment: “See the future sooner” https://goodjudgment.com/
153. Metaculus: “FAQ” https://www.metaculus.com/help/faq/
154. Metaculus: “Date Weakly General AI is Publicly Known” https://www.metaculus.com/questions/3479/date-weakly-general-ai-system-is-devised/
155. Metaculus: “‘Silver’ Turing Test be passed by 2026” https://www.metaculus.com/questions/73/will-the-silver-turing-test-be-passed-by-2026/
156. Metaculus: “What will be the best score in the 2019/2020 Winograd Schema AI challenge” https://www.metaculus.com/questions/644/what-will-be-the-best-score-in-the-20192020-winograd-schema-ai-challenge/
157. Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi, Computer Science: “WinoGrande: An Adversarial Winograd Schema Challenge at Scale” https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10641
158. Metaculus: “Date of Artificial General Intelligence” https://www.metaculus.com/questions/5121/date-of-general-ai/
159. Model Space: “Ferrari 312 T4 | 1:8 Model | Full Kit” https://web.archive.org/web/20210613075708/https://www.model-space.com/us/build-the-ferrari-312-t4-model-car.html
160. Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt, Computer Science: “Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding” https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300
161. Dan Hendrycks, Steven Basart, Saurav Kadavath, Mantas Mazeika, Akul Arora, Ethan Guo, Collin Burns, Samir Puranik, Horace He, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt, Computer Science: “Measuring Coding Challenge Competence With APPS” https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.09938
162. J. Mehra: “‘Golden Age of Theoretical Physics’: P.A.M Dirac’s Scientific Work from 1924 to 1933” https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4661346
163. Theodosius Dobzhansky, The American Biology Teacher: “Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution” https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/10/2/text_pop/l_102_01.html
164. Gary Marcus, Substack: “Dear Elon Musk, here are five things you might want to consider about AGI” https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/dear-elon-musk-here-are-five-things
165. Michael Shick, Fast Company: “Wozniak: Could a Computer Make a Cup of Coffee?” https://www.fastcompany.com/1568187/wozniak-could-computer-make-cup-coffee
166. Stanford University AI Index: “Ground the conversation about AI in data” https://aiindex.stanford.edu/
167. Tortoise Media: “The Global AI Index” https://www.tortoisemedia.com/intelligence/global-ai/
168. OECD AI Policy Observatory: “AI Index Report 2021” https://oecd.ai/en/wonk/documents/ai-index-report-2021
169. Lord Acton Quote Archive: “Power and Authority” https://www.acton.org/research/lord-acton-quote-archive
170. Transpolitica: “Anticipating tomorrow’s politics” https://transpolitica.org/
171. London Futurists: “Serious analysis of radical scenarios for the next 40 years” https://londonfuturists.com/